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Quiz 2
What are the following, and how old are they ? -
Suggestions of similarities between Indian and European languages began to be made by European visitors to India in the sixteenth century.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages#History_of_the_idea_of_Indo-European)
Indo-European
The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects,[1] including most of the major languages of Europe, the northern Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and much of Central Asia. Indo-European (Indo refers to the Indian subcontinent) has the largest numbers of speakers of the recognised families of languages in the world today, with its languages spoken by approximately three billion native speakers.[2]
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Proto-Germanic
Proto-Germanic (or Common Germanic, German Urgermanisch) is the hypothetical common ancestor (proto-language) of all the Germanic languages, which include, among others, modern English, Dutch, German and Swedish.[1]The Proto-Germanic language is not directly attested by any surviving texts, but has been reconstructed using the comparative method. However, a few surviving inscriptions in a runic script from Scandinavia dated to c. 200 are thought to represent a stage of Proto-Norse or Late Common Germanic immediately following the "Proto-Germanic" stage.[2]
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_Germanic)
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Old English
Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon,[1] Englisc by its speakers) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what are now England and southern Scotland between the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. It is a West Germanic language and is closely related to Old Frisian. It also experienced heavy influence from Old Norse, a member of the related North Germanic group of languages.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_english)
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Middle English
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in the 1470s, and slightly later by Richard Pynson. By this time the Northumbrian dialect spoken in south east Scotland was developing into the Scots language. The language of England as spoken after this time, up to 1650, is known as Early Modern English. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_english)
● Early Modern English
Early Modern English refers to the stage of the English language used from about the end of the Middle English period (the latter half of the 15th century) to 1650. Thus, the first edition of the King James Bible and the works of William Shakespeare both belong to the late phase of Early Modern English, although the King James Bible intentionally keeps some archaisms that were not common even when it was published. Prior to and following the accession of James VI to the English throne the emerging English standard began to influence the spoken and written Middle Scots of Scotland. Current readers of English are generally able to understand Early Modern English, though occasionally with difficulties arising from grammar changes, changes in the meanings of some words, and spelling differences. The standardization of English spelling falls within the Early Modern English period, and is influenced by conventions predating the Great Vowel Shift, explaining much of the non-phonetic spelling of contemporary Modern English. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Modern_English)
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Provide examples of similar words in each of these
What are the main differences between English and German?Task: Prepare reports for discussion on ...
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