Types of lexical speech: grammar
The traditional plum pudding recipe of Prof. Gibbon
- Looking at the list of ingredients you realise paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations as well as taxonomy.
Fruit, Vegetables
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3 lb
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raisins, sultanas, currants (ad lib.)
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mixed (prunes, apples, apricots, figs, dates)
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2 oz
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candied peel
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2
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lemons
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2
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carrots
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Nuts
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1 lb
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ground almonds, walnuts, ...
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Spices
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1 tsp
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mixed spice ground cinnamon, cloves,
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(this is only a short part of the list)
Method:
- Put all fruits and nuts into a big bowl. Mix them with the spices....
Fruit and Vegetables ----> hyperonym <----- Nuts
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raisins, sultanas, currrants -----> hyponyms <----- ground almonds, walnuts
co-hyponyms co-hyponyms
- raisins, sultanas and currants are all dried grapes → paradigmatic relation
- the method of preparing the pudding is written in imperative → syntagmatic relation
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